The "Hug" Technique-Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass with Preservation of the Posterior Wrap in Patients with Previous Nissen Fundoplication: a Simple Solution for a Complex Problem.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic conversion of Nissen Fundoplication to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a complex procedure due to increased operative time, morbidity, and length of hospital stay (LOS). In this study, a new simplified technique avoiding the total dismantling of the previous Nissen repair to construct the gastric pouch, the so-called hug technique is presented for the conversion of Nissen fundoplication to RYGB. METHODS: The present study is a prospective single-center clinical series reporting on the feasibility and safety of the "hug" technique for the creation of laparoscopic RYGB. The major innovation of this approach is the fact that the posterior part of the fundoplication wrap is left in place without further dissection or manipulation. The anterior part is stapled and remains attached to the excluded stomach. Prospective data on intraoperative and postoperative morbidity and bariatric outcomes were collected. RESULTS: A total of 44 consecutive patients with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 43.7 kg/m2 (SD = 4.0, range = 35.6-52.0) underwent the "hug" procedure between 2004 and 2015. Mean operative time was 72 min (58-105 min). Morbidity was 4.5%, with no mortality. For patients with follow-up at 3 years, the percentage of total body weight loss (%TBWL) was 32.5%; the excess weight loss (EWL) was 64.2%. CONCLUSION: In contrast to current other techniques of bariatric surgery for patients having previously undergone a Nissen fundoplication, the "hug" procedure to create an RYGB is safe and simple to perform. This technique avoids the deconstruction of the previous repair and is still maintaining anti-reflux anatomy. Nevertheless, there is a need for further studies to evaluate the long-term outcomes of the procedure.

Single Versus Double-Anastomosis Duodenal Switch: Single-Site Comparative Cohort Study in 440 Consecutive Patients.

PURPOSE: To study weight loss, comorbidity remission, complications, and nutritional deficits after duodenal switch (DS) and single-anastomosis DS with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of patients submitted to DS or SADI-S for morbid obesity in a single university hospital. RESULTS: Four hundred forty patients underwent DS (n = 259) or SADI-S (n = 181). Mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 50.8 ± 6.4Kg/m2. Mean follow-up was 56.1 ± 37.2 months for DS and 27.2 ± 18.9 months for SADI-S. Global mean excess weight loss was 77.4% at 2 years similar for SADI-S and DS, and 72.1% at 10 years after DS. Although early complications were similar in SADI-S and DS (13.3% vs. 18.9%, p = n.s.), long-term complications and vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies were superior after DS. Rate of comorbidities remission was 85.2% for diabetes, 63.9% for hypertension, 77.6% for dyslipidemia, and 82.1% for sleep apnea, with no differences between both techniques. In patients with initial BMI > 55 kg/m2 (n = 91), DS achieved higher percentage of BMI < 35 kg/m2 (80% vs. 50%, p = 0.025) and higher rate of diabetes remission (100% vs. 75%, p = 0050). CONCLUSIONS: DS and SADI-S showed similar weight loss and comorbidity remission rates at 2 years. In patients with initial BMI > 55 kg/m2, DS obtained better BMI control at 2 years and better diabetes remission, but more long-term complications and supplementation needs.

SADI-S WITH RIGHT GASTRIC ARTERY LIGATION: TECHNICAL SYSTEMATIZATION AND EARLY RESULTS.

Background: Bariatric surgery is performed all over the world with close to 500.000 procedures per year. The most performed techniques are Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Despite this data, the most effective procedure, biliopancreatic diversion with or without duodenal switch, represents only no more than 1.5% of the procedures. Technical complexity, morbidity, mortality, and severe nutritional adverse effects related to the procedure are the main fears that prevent most universal acceptance. Aim: To explain the technical aspects and the benefits of the SADI-S with right gastric artery ligation as an effective simplification from the original duodenal switch. Methods: Were included all patients undergoing this procedure from the November 2014 to May 2016, describing and analysing aspects of this technique, the systematization and early complications associated with the procedure. Results: A series of 67 patients were operated; 46 were women (68.7%); mean age of the group was 44 years old (33-56); and an average BMI of 53.5 kg/m2 (50-63.5). Surgical time was 115 min (80-180). A total of five patients (7.5%) had any complication and two (2.9%) had to be reoperated. There were two patients with leak, one at the duodenal stump and other at the esophagogastric angle. There was no mortality. Patients stayed at the hospital a median of 2.5 days (1-25). Conclusions: SADI-S with right gastric artery ligation is a safe procedure with few preliminary complications. The technical variations introduced to the classical duodenal switch are reproducible and may allow this procedure to be more popular. All the complications in this series were not related to the ligation of the right gastric artery.

Racional: Cerca de 500.000 cirurgias bariátricas são realizadas a cada ano em todo o mundo. As técnicas mais realizadas são o bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux e a gastrectomia vertical. A derivação biliopancreática, com ou sem duodenal switch, é considerada técnica mais eficaz no tratamento cirúrgico do paciente obeso mórbido; entretanto, representa não mais do que 1,5% dos procedimentos na atualidade, pois sua complexidade técnica, morbimortalidade e graves efeitos adversos nutricionais impedem aceitação mais universal. Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos técnicos e os benefícios do SADI-S com ligadura da artéria gástrica direita como um modo simplificado do duodenal switch original. Métodos: Foram incluídos todos os pacientes submetidos a este procedimento entre novembro 2014 e maio de 2016. Além da descrição da sistematização da técnica operatória, foram analisadas as complicações precoces associadas ao procedimento. Resultados: Uma série de 67 pacientes foi operada no período analisado; 46 eram mulheres (68,7%) e a média de idade foi de 44 anos (33-56). O IMC médio foi de 53,5 kg/m2 (50-63,5). O tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 115 min (80-180) e a permanência hospitalar média foi de 2,5 dias (1-25). Complicações foram observadas em cinco pacientes (7,5%) e dois (2,9%) tiveram de ser reoperados. Duas pacientes evoluíram com fístula, uma no coto duodenal e outra na junção esofagogástrica. Não houve mortalidade. Conclusão: SADI-S com ligadura da artéria gástrica direita é procedimento seguro com poucas complicações precoces. A simplificação técnica em relação ao duodenal switch clássico pode permitir que este procedimento se torne mais popular. Todas as complicações observadas nesta série não estavam relacionadas com a ligadura da artéria gástrica direita.

SADI-S WITH RIGHT GASTRIC ARTERY LIGATION: TECHNICAL SYSTEMATIZATION AND EARLY RESULTS / SADI-S COM LIGADURA DA ARTÉRIA GÁSTRICA: SISTEMATIZAÇÃO TÉCNICA E OS PRIMEIROS RESULTADOS

ABSTRACT Background: Bariatric surgery is performed all over the world with close to 500.000 procedures per year. The most performed techniques are Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Despite this data, the most effective procedure, biliopancreatic diversion with or without duodenal switch, represents only no more than 1.5% of the procedures. Technical complexity, morbidity, mortality, and severe nutritional adverse effects related to the procedure are the main fears that prevent most universal acceptance. Aim: To explain the technical aspects and the benefits of the SADI-S with right gastric artery ligation as an effective simplification from the original duodenal switch. Methods: Were included all patients undergoing this procedure from the November 2014 to May 2016, describing and analysing aspects of this technique, the systematization and early complications associated with the procedure. Results: A series of 67 patients were operated; 46 were women (68.7%); mean age of the group was 44 years old (33-56); and an average BMI of 53.5 kg/m2 (50-63.5). Surgical time was 115 min (80-180). A total of five patients (7.5%) had any complication and two (2.9%) had to be reoperated. There were two patients with leak, one at the duodenal stump and other at the esophagogastric angle. There was no mortality. Patients stayed at the hospital a median of 2.5 days (1-25). Conclusions: SADI-S with right gastric artery ligation is a safe procedure with few preliminary complications. The technical variations introduced to the classical duodenal switch are reproducible and may allow this procedure to be more popular. All the complications in this series were not related to the ligation of the right gastric artery.

RESUMO Racional: Cerca de 500.000 cirurgias bariátricas são realizadas a cada ano em todo o mundo. As técnicas mais realizadas são o bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux e a gastrectomia vertical. A derivação biliopancreática, com ou sem duodenal switch, é considerada técnica mais eficaz no tratamento cirúrgico do paciente obeso mórbido; entretanto, representa não mais do que 1,5% dos procedimentos na atualidade, pois sua complexidade técnica, morbimortalidade e graves efeitos adversos nutricionais impedem aceitação mais universal. Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos técnicos e os benefícios do SADI-S com ligadura da artéria gástrica direita como um modo simplificado do duodenal switch original. Métodos: Foram incluídos todos os pacientes submetidos a este procedimento entre novembro 2014 e maio de 2016. Além da descrição da sistematização da técnica operatória, foram analisadas as complicações precoces associadas ao procedimento. Resultados: Uma série de 67 pacientes foi operada no período analisado; 46 eram mulheres (68,7%) e a média de idade foi de 44 anos (33-56). O IMC médio foi de 53,5 kg/m2 (50-63,5). O tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 115 min (80-180) e a permanência hospitalar média foi de 2,5 dias (1-25). Complicações foram observadas em cinco pacientes (7,5%) e dois (2,9%) tiveram de ser reoperados. Duas pacientes evoluíram com fístula, uma no coto duodenal e outra na junção esofagogástrica. Não houve mortalidade. Conclusão: SADI-S com ligadura da artéria gástrica direita é procedimento seguro com poucas complicações precoces. A simplificação técnica em relação ao duodenal switch clássico pode permitir que este procedimento se torne mais popular. Todas as complicações observadas nesta série não estavam relacionadas com a ligadura da artéria gástrica direita.

BAROS METHOD CRITICAL ANALYSIS(BARIATRIC ANALYSIS AND REPORTING SYSTEM).

INTRODUCTION: Although it has received several criticisms, which is considered to be the most effective method used for global assessment of morbid obesity surgical treatment, still needs to be updated. OBJECTIVE: Critical analysis of BAROS constitution and method. METHOD: BAROS as headings was searched in literature review using data from the main bariatric surgery journals until 2009. RESULTS: Where found and assessed 121 papers containing criticisms on BAROS constitution and methodology. It has some failures and few researches show results on the use of this instrument, although it is still considered a standard method. Several authors that used it found imperfections in its methodology and suggested some changes addressed to improving its acceptance, showing the need of developing new methods to qualify the bariatric surgery results. CONCLUSION: BAROS constitution has failures and its methodology needs to be updated.

Argon plasma coagulation of gastrojejunal anastomosis for weight regain after gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND: The failure of approximately 20 % of obese patients who undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) to maintain weight loss over the following 18-24 months is related to the surgical procedure, to the patient, or both. Although the underlying mechanisms are uncertain, one factor that has been postulated is the dilation of the gastrojejunal anastomosis. The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the serial use of argon plasma coagulation (APC) in reducing the diameter of the dilated gastrojejunal anastomosis and post-RYGB weight regain. METHODS: We carried out a prospective, nonrandomized study of 30 patients, with no control or sham group, monitoring RYGB weight regain associated with dilation of the gastrojejunal anastomosis over a postoperative period of 18 months. Each patient underwent three sessions of APC in the anastomosis separated by 8 weeks, with a final endoscopic examination 8 weeks after the last session. RESULTS: There was a loss of 15.48 kg (range = 8.0-16.0 kg) of the 19.6 kg (range = 7.0-39.0 kg) of regained weight after RYGB and a reduction of 66.89 % in the final anastomotic diameter, with statistically significant reductions between each APC session. Previous body mass index significantly decreased up to the final examination, and the final weight was close to but not at the same level as the nadir. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that the use of APC to treat weight regain after RYGB is a safe and effective procedure and promotes a reduction in gastrojejunal anastomosis, final weight, and BMI, with a low rate of complications.

Bariatric postoperative fistula: a life-saving endoscopic procedure.

BACKGROUND: Gastric fistula after bariatric surgery has high morbi-mortality, and treatment is a challenge due to persistent abscess and/or distal stenosis. The present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of stricturotomy/internal drainage, a novel endoscopic procedure that can avoid re-operation and allow early oral feeding. METHODS: This prospective, non-randomized study, with no control or sham group, included 27 patients (74.07% were female), approved by the local IRB, who underwent the following bariatric surgeries: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB; n = 14, 51.85%), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG; n = 9, 33.33%) and duodenal switch (DS; n = 4, 14.81%). The patients presented with gastric fistulas which were treated by internal drainage/stricturotomy. The mean patient age was 42.67 years, and the mean pre-operative BMI was 40.69 kg/m(2). Balloon dilation was performed if distal stenosis and/or axis deviation was present. The first endoscopic procedure was applied on the 15th day after RYGB and the 30th day after LSG and DS. RESULTS: All patients presented with His angle fistula. Eight patients (57.1%) had stenosis of the anastomosis after RYGB and were treated with balloon dilatation (20 mm). The patients submitted to LSG and DS had stenosis at the angularis incisure and were treated with achalasia balloon dilation (30 mm). The number of endoscopic sessions for stricturotomy ranged from 1 to 6. Two patients experienced bleeding after dilation, and one had perforation. The mean time to achieve fistula closure was 18.11 days (range, 1-72 days) without mortality. All the fistulas closed. CONCLUSIONS: This novel endoscopic procedure is safe, feasible, and effective, avoiding re-operation, allowing early oral feeding and discharge.

BAROS METHOD CRITICAL ANALYSIS(BARIATRIC ANALYSIS AND REPORTING SYSTEM) / ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DO MÉTODO BAROS(Bariatric Analysis and Reporting System)

Introduction: Although it has received several criticisms, which is considered to be the most effective method used for global assessment of morbid obesity surgical treatment, still needs to be updated.Objective: Critical analysis of BAROS constitution and method.Method: BAROS as headings was searched in literature review using data from the main bariatric surgery journals until 2009.Results: Where found and assessed 121 papers containing criticisms on BAROS constitution and methodology. It has some failures and few researches show results on the use of this instrument, although it is still considered a standard method. Several authors that used it found imperfections in its methodology and suggested some changes addressed to improving its acceptance, showing the need of developing new methods to qualify the bariatric surgery results.Conclusion: BAROS constitution has failures and its methodology needs to be updated.

Introdução: O BAROS é considerado o método mais eficaz e utilizado para a avaliação global do tratamento operatório da obesidade mórbida; porém, possui inúmeras críticas e precisa ser atualizado.Objetivo: Analisar criticamente a constituição e o método do BAROS.Método: Revisão da literatura utilizando o descritor BAROS, pesquisado nas revistas de cirurgia bariátrica até abril de 2009.Resultados: Foram encontrados e avaliados 121 trabalhos. O BAROS possui falhas em sua constituição e metodologia. Embora ainda seja considerado como método-padrão, poucas pesquisas relatam resultados utilizando esse instrumento. Inúmeros pesquisadores que utilizaram este protocolo encontraram imperfeições em seu método e sugeriram modificações para que fosse amplamente aceito, tornando-se evidente a necessidade de um novo método para qualificação dos resultados das operações bariátricas.Conclusão: O BAROS possui falhas em sua constituição e necessita de atualização em seus meios metodológicos.

Comparative study of five different surgical techniques for the treatment of morbid obesity using BAROS.

BACKGROUND: The obesity is an universal disease of epidemic proportions and in a growing prevalence. It is one of the main public health problems and it will be inexorably the largest problem of the developing world. The morbid obesity is associated to serious diseases, reducing the life perspective, increasing the morbidity and mortality. Several strategies of losing weight were proposed; however, the bariatric surgeries are today the most effective treatment for this disease. The BAROS is the most simple, practical and efficient method to evaluate the results in the bariatric surgeries. AIM: To compare five surgical techniques for the treatment of morbid obesity using BAROS. METHOD: The sample is constituted of 102 patients submitted to Fobi-Capella (23 patients), Scopinaro (21 patients), duodenal switch (20 patients), vertical banded gastroplasty of Mason (15 patients) and the adjustable gastric band (23 patients), evaluated 12 months after the surgeries using BAROS. RESULTS: The analysis of the final result of BAROS for the classification demonstrated that good, very good and excellent results were obtained in 100% of the patients in the group of duodenal switch; 91,3% in Fobi-Capella; 85,7% in Scopinaro; 60% in Mason; and 56,5% in adjustable gastric band. The final result of BAROS for the total score demonstrated that the group of duodenal switch obtained 6,3 points; the Fobi-Capella 5,1 points; the Scopinaro 4,8 points; the Mason 3,0 points; and the adjustable gastric band 2,9 points (p<0,0001). CONCLUSION: The duodenal switch is the best technique for the surgical treatment of the morbid obesity, in the following 12 months post-surgical clinical procedures, according to BAROS.

Endoscopic plasma argon coagulation in treatment of weight regain after bariatric surgery: what does the patient think about this?

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is an effective treatment for refractory morbid obesity, causing the loss of 75% of initial excess weight. After the surgery, however, weight regain can occur in 10-20% of cases. To help, endoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC) is used to reduce the anastomotic diameter. Many patients who undergo this treatment, are not always familiar with this procedure and its respective precautions. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine how well the candidate for APC understands the procedure and absorbs the information provided by the multidisciplinary team. METHOD: We prepared a questionnaire with 12 true/false questions to evaluate the knowledge of the patients about the procedure they were to undergo. The questionnaire was administered by the surgeon during consultation in the preoperative period. The patients were invited to fill out the questionnaire. RESULTS: We found out that the majority learned about the procedure through the internet. They knew it was an outpatient treatment, where the anesthesia was similar to that for endoscopy, and that they would have to follow a liquid diet. But none of them knew that the purpose of this diet was to improve local wound healing. CONCLUSION: Bariatric patients who have a second chance to resume weight loss, need continuous guidance. The internet should be used by the multidisciplinary team to promote awareness that APC will not be sufficient for weight loss and weight-loss maintenance in the long term. Furthermore, there is a need to clarify again the harm of drinking alcohol in the process of weight loss, making its curse widely known.

Comparative study of five different surgical techniques for the treatment of morbid obesity using BAROS / Comparação de cinco técnicas para o tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade mórbida com o BAROS

BACKGROUND: The obesity is an universal disease of epidemic proportions and in a growing prevalence. It is one of the main public health problems and it will be inexorably the largest problem of the developing world. The morbid obesity is associated to serious diseases, reducing the life perspective, increasing the morbility and mortality. Several strategies of losing weight were proposed; however, the bariatric surgeries are today the most effective treatment for this disease. The BAROS is the most simple, practical and efficient method to evaluate the results in the bariatric surgeries. AIM: To compare five surgical techniques for the treatment of morbid obesity using BAROS. METHOD: The sample is constituted of 102 patients submitted to Fobi-Capella (23 patients), Scopinaro (21 patients), duodenal switch (20 patients), vertical banded gastroplasty of Mason (15 patients) and the adjustable gastric band (23 patients), evaluated 12 months after the surgeries using BAROS. RESULTS: The analysis of the final result of BAROS for the classification demonstrated that good, very good and excellent results were obtained in 100% of the patients in the group of duodenal switch; 91,3% in Fobi-Capella; 85,7% in Scopinaro; 60% in Mason; and 56,5% in adjustable gastric band. The final result of BAROS for the total score demonstrated that the group of duodenal switch obtained 6,3 points; the Fobi-Capella 5,1 points; the Scopinaro 4,8 points; the Mason 3,0 points; and the adjustable gastric band 2,9 points (p<0,0001). CONCLUSION: The duodenal switch is the best technique for the surgical treatment of the morbid obesity, in the following 12 months post-surgical clinical procedures, according to BAROS. .

RACIONAL: A obesidade é doença universal de proporções epidêmicas e com prevalência crescente. É um dos principais problemas de saúde pública da sociedade moderna e inexoravelmente será o maior problema do mundo desenvolvido. Numerosas estratégias para emagrecer foram propostas nas últimas décadas; porém, as operações bariátricas constituem, hoje, no tratamento mais eficaz desta doença. Inúmeros métodos são usados para avaliar as operações bariátricas, mas o BAROS (Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System) é o mais simples, prático e eficiente para avaliar os resultados das operações bariátricas. OBJETIVO: Comparar cinco técnicas operatórias para o tratamento da obesidade mórbida utilizando o BAROS e identificar qual delas é mais efetiva. MÉTODOS: A amostra consistiu de 102 pacientes submetidos a um dos procedimentos: derivação gastrojejunal de Fobi-Capella (23 pacientes), derivação biliopancreática de Scopinaro (21 pacientes), derivação biliopancreática com duodenal switch (20 pacientes), gastroplastia vertical com banda de Mason (15 pacientes) e banda gástrica ajustável (23 pacientes). Foram avaliados 12 meses após as operações utilizando o BAROS. RESULTADOS: Resultado bom, muito bom e excelente foi obtido em 100% dos pacientes no grupo duodenal switch; 91,3% no Fobi-Capella; 85,7% no Scopinaro; 60% no Mason; e 56,5% no banda. A análise do resultado final do BAROS pela pontuação total demonstra que o grupo duodenal switch obteve 6,3 pontos; o Fobi-Capella 5,1 pontos; o Scopinaro 4,8 pontos; o Mason 3,0 pontos e o banda 2,9 pontos (p<0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: A derivação biliopancreática com duodenal switch é a melhor técnica para o tratamento ...

Endoscopic plasma argon coagulation in treatment of weight regain after bariatric surgery: what does the patient think about this? / Procedimento de plasma endoscópico de argônio no tratamento do reganho de peso após a cirurgia bariátrica: qual o conhecimento dos pacientes sobre isto?

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is an effective treatment for refractory morbid obesity, causing the loss of 75% of initial excess weight. After the surgery, however, weight regain can occur in 10-20% of cases. To help, endoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC) is used to reduce the anastomotic diameter. Many patients who undergo this treatment, are not always familiar with this procedure and its respective precautions. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine how well the candidate for APC understands the procedure and absorbs the information provided by the multidisciplinary team. METHOD: We prepared a questionnaire with 12 true/false questions to evaluate the knowledge of the patients about the procedure they were to undergo. The questionnaire was administered by the surgeon during consultation in the preoperative period. The patients were invited to fill out the questionnaire. RESULTS: We found out that the majority learned about the procedure through the internet. They knew it was an outpatient treatment, where the anesthesia was similar to that for endoscopy, and that they would have to follow a liquid diet. But none of them knew that the purpose of this diet was to improve local wound healing. CONCLUSION: Bariatric patients who have a second chance to resume weight loss, need continuous guidance. The internet should be used by the multidisciplinary team to promote awareness that APC will not be sufficient for weight loss and weight-loss maintenance in the long term. Furthermore, there is a need to clarify again the harm of drinking alcohol in the process of weight loss, making its curse widely known. .

RACIONAL: A cirurgia bariátrica, em especial o bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux é tratamento efetivo para a obesidade mórbida refratária, promovendo perda de 75% do excesso de peso inicial. Após o procedimento, no entanto, pode ocorrer reganho em 10-20% dos casos. Para auxiliar, há a fulguração com argônio endoscópico que objetiva a redução do diâmetro anastomótico. Muitos pacientes que se submetem a este tratamento, nem sempre conhecem o processo e seus respectivos cuidados. OBJETIVO: Analisar o modo como o candidato ao procedimento de plasma endoscópico de argônio, entende o processo e absorve as informações transmitidas pela equipe multiprofissional. MÉTODO: Foi elaborado um questionário com 12 questões do tipo Verdadeiro/Falso no intuito de avaliar o conhecimento do paciente acerca do método ao qual estava prestes a ser submetido. O questionário foi aplicado pelo médico cirurgião no momento de sua consulta no período pré-procedimento. Os pacientes foram convidados livremente a preencher o questionário. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que a maioria conhecia o procedimento através da internet; sabia que era tratamento ambulatorial; que a anestesia era similar à da endoscopia; que necessitava de dieta líquida. Mas, nem todos sabiam que ela era para melhorar a cicatrização local. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes bariátricos que possuem uma segunda chance para retomar o emagrecimento, precisam de orientações permanentes. A internet debe ser usada pela equipe multiprofissional para conscientização de que o PEA não será suficiente para a perda e manutenção de peso em longo prazo. Ainda há a necessidade de re-esclarecer o prejuízo da ingestão de álcool no processo de perda de peso, amplamente divulgando seu ...

Effects of bariatric surgery on the central nervous system and eating behavior in humans: a systematic review on the neuroimaging studies / Efeitos da cirurgia bariátrica no sistema nervoso central e comportamento alimentar em humanos: uma revisão sistemática dos estudos de neuroimagem

INTRODUCTION: Neuroimaging studies suggest that obese people might show hyperactivity of brain areas regarding reward processing, and hypoactivity of brain areas concerning cognitive control, when exposed to food cues. Although the effects of bariatric surgery on the central nervous system and eating behavior are well known, few studies have used neuroimage techniques with the aim of investigating the central effects of bariatric surgery in humans. OBJECTIVES: This paper systematically and critically reviews studies using functional neuroimaging to investigate changes on the patterns of activation of central areas related to the regulation of eating behavior after bariatric surgery. METHOD: A search on the databases Medline, Web of Science, Lilacs and Science Direct on Line, was conducted in February 2013, using the keywords "Neuroimaging", "Positron-Emission Tomography", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Gastric Bypass", "Gastroplasty", "Jejunoileal Bypass", "Bariatric Surgery". RESULTS: Seven manuscripts were included; the great majority studied the central effects of Roux en Y gastric bypass, using positron emission tomography or functional magnetic resonance. CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery might normalize the activity of central areas concerned with reward and incentive salience processing, as the nucleus accumbens and mesencephalic tegmental ventral area, as well as circuitries processing behavioral inhibition, as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos de neuroimagem sugerem que indivíduos obesos podem apresentar hiperatividade de áreas cerebrais associadas à recompensa e hipoatividade em áreas associadas ao controle cognitivo quando expostos a pistas alimentares. Apesar do conhecimento dos efeitos da cirurgia bariátrica sobre o sistema nervoso central e sobre o comportamento alimentar, poucos estudos empregaram técnicas de neuroimagem para estudar os efeitos centrais da cirurgia bariátrica em humanos. OBJETIVOS: O presente trabalho revisa sistemática e criticamente os estudos de neuroimagem funcional a respeito das alterações na ativação de regiões centrais relacionadas à regulação do comportamento alimentar após a cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Medline, Web of Science, Lilacs e Science Direct on Line, em fevereiro de 2013, utilizando-se as palavras-chave "Neuroimaging", "Positron-Emission Tomography", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Gastric Bypass", "Gastroplasty", "Jejunoileal Bypass", "Bariatric Surgery". RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos sete trabalhos, dos quais a grande maioria estudou os efeitos centrais do bypass gástrico em Y de Roux empregando tomografia por emissão de pósitrons ou ressonância magnética funcional. CONCLUSÕES: A cirurgia bariátrica parece regular a atividade de áreas centrais associadas ao processamento da recompensa e da saliência de incentivo diante de pistas alimentares, como o núcleo accumbens e a área tegmental ventral do mesencéfalo, e também de circuitos neurais que processam a inibição comportamental, como o córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral.

Anemia pós-cirurgia bariátrica: as causas nem sempre são relacionadas à cirurgia / Anemia after bariatric surgery: the causes sometimes are not related to the surgery

RACIONAL: As anemias ferropriva, perniciosa e megaloblástica são comuns após procedimentos bariátricos como o bypass e as derivações biliopancreáticas. As principais causas devem-se ao desvio duodenal e do jejuno proximal do trânsito alimentar e, em menor grau, às úlceras anastomóticas. Entretanto a dieta pobre em nutrientes, a suplementação vitamínica inadequada, medicamentos, uso de álcool e neoplasias devem ser lembrados. RELATO DOS CASOS: Os autores relatam dois casos de pacientes pós-procedimentos bariátricos com anemia severa sem controle clínico e cuja investigação identificou melanoma metastático em um caso e neoplasia colônica no segundo, ambos tratados cirurgicamente com bons resultados. CONCLUSÃO: Anemias são comuns após procedimentos bariátricos, porém causas atípicas como neoplasias devem ser suspeitadas nos pacientes mais idosos e principalmente naqueles refratários ao controle clínico.

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia, pernicious and megaloblastic are common after gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion. The main causes are due to duodenal exclusion and anastomotic ulcers. However, low protein diet, vitaminic supplementation, medicines, alcohol and tumors must be remembered. CASES REPORT: The authors relate two cases of severe anemia after bariatric procedures that were diagnosed as metastatic melanoma in small bowel and a colorectal cancer treated surgically with good results. CONCLUSION: Anemias are common after bariatric surgery, however unusual causes like tumors must be suspected in the elderly and in those patients that clinical treatment didn't have good results.

Gastroplastia vertical restritiva com derivaçäo gastrointestinal em Y de Roux em suínos: aspectos histopatológicos do segmento gástrico isolado / Restrictive vertical gastroplasty with Roux-en-Y gastrointestinal bypass in swines: histopathological aspects of the bypassed gastric segment

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer um modelo animal de gastroplastia restritiva com derivaçäo gastrointestinal em Y de Roux, avaliando alteraçöes na quantidade da ingesta, na perda de peso e os aspectos macroscópicos da mucosa e histopatológicos da parede do segmento gástrico isolado. MÉTODOS: Dezesseis suínos machos, foram alocados em dois grupos. O Grupo Cirurgia incluiu 8 animais submetidos a gastroplastia restritiva com derivaçäo gastrointestinal em Y de Roux. O Grupo Controle foi composto por 8 suínos intactos, submetidos ao mesmo cuidado e dieta. O Grupo Cirurgia foi observado por 90 dias, quando foi sacrificado para estudo do segmento gástrico isolado. O Grupo Controle foi observado por 84 dias, quando os animais foram sacrificados para ressecçäo gástrica. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados a variaçäo ponderal e o volume da ingesta alimentar de ambos os grupos. Avaliou-se alteraçöes macroscópicas da mucosa, alteraçöes morfométricas das glândulas gástricas, características histopatológicas e quantidade de colágeno tipo I e III na camada mucosa no segmento gástrico isolado do Grupo Cirurgia. O peso dos animais e a ingesta alimentar foi significativamente maior no Grupo Controle que no Cirurgia. Ocorreu diminuiçäo no tamanho das glândulas gástricas, maior quantidade de colágeno tipo I na camada mucosa e deposiçäo de tecido gorduroso na camada muscular do segmento gástrico isolado. CONCLUSAO: O modelo suíno de gastroplastia restritiva com derivaçäo gastrointestinal em Y de Roux proporciona reduçäo da ingesta e perda ponderal. A gastroplastia restritiva com derivaçäo gastrointestinal em Y de Roux em suínos näo proporciona alteraçöes macroscópicas no segmento gástrico isolado e que os achados histopatológicos säo compatíveis com os de atrofia inicial do segmento gástrico isolado.

Efeito da vagotomia troncular em ratos injetados na fase neonatal com glutamato monossódico: estudo biométrico / Effect of truncal vagotomy in rats neonatally injected with monosodium glutamate: biometry study

Obesidade hipotalâmica pode ocorrer em humanos e pode ser reproduzida, experimentalmente, por lesão do VMH em ratos. Esta obesidade pode ser revertida por vagotomia troncular (VT), devido à redução da ingestão alimentar e da insulinemia mediada pelo nervo vago. Experimentalmente, a injeção de MSG causa lesão em nível de ARC. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os efeitos do MSG em ratos e se VT os altera. Estudou-se 52 ratos Wistar machos, divididos em dois grupos de 26 animais, um submetido à injeção de MSG na fase neonatal e outro à de solução salina. Aos 30 dias de vida, após nova divisão, obteve-se: grupo MSG, submetido à VT (VTMSG), e outro à laparotomia (LAPMSG); grupo SALINA, submetido à VT (VTSAL), e outro à laparotomia (LAPSAL). Obteve-se peso, CNA e índice de Lee. O consumo alimentar foi obtido dos 30 aos 90 dias de vida. Aos 90 dias, após eutanásia, mensurou-se peso, CNA, índice de Lee e gordura perigonadal. Análise estatística foi realizada pelo "t de Student". Constatou-se que o MSG provoca redução do CNA e aumento do índice de Lee aos 30 dias de vida, e provoca redução do peso e do CNA, aumento do índice de Lee e da gordura perigonadal aos 90 dias e aumento do consumo alimentar dos 30 aos 90 dias de vida. A VT provoca redução do peso, do índice de Lee e da gordura perigonadal, e tendência à redução do CNA no rato injetado com MSG. A VT provoca redução de consumo alimentar nos primeiros 30 dias de pós-operatório, mas com tendência a maior consumo nos 30 dias subseqüentes. Conclui-se que o MSG injetado na fase neonatal provoca aumento do consumo alimentar e da adiposidade e causa redução da estatura e do peso do animal dos 30 aos 90 dias de vida. E que a VT, realizada aos 30 dias de vida, provoca redução do consumo alimentar nos primeiros 30 dias de pós-operatório, da adiposidade e do peso.

Síndrome do antro gástrico retido: apresentaçäo de um caso e revisäo dos métodos diangósticos / Retained gastric antrum syndrome: case report and review of the diagnosis methods

A síndrome do antro gástrico retido é uma causa rara de úlcera péptica. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 68 anos de idade que se apresentava com episódios severos de hemorragia digestiva devido a uma úlcera de boca anastomótica após cirurgia gástrica com Y de Roux, e teve diagnóstico de antro retido após a dosagem da gastrina sérica ter sido normal, e uma cintilografia de abdomen com 99m Tc demonstrar a presença de lesäo hepercaptante em hipocôndrio direito. As causas mais comuns de úlcera recorrente säo apresentadas e os exames utilizados para o seu diagnóstico diferencial säo discutidos